American history between 1800 and 1877 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American history between 1800 and 1877 - Essay Example Overview of the battle As discussed by Campbell the battle ensued with the Union and the Confederate taking sides on their meeting in Manassas, Virginia (109). With both sides planning to attack the other’s side, the armies were prepared for the toughest battle of the time. However, the plan aborted on the side of the Union, as the Confederates discovered the Union’s plan to attack the Confederate’s side; thus, a withdrawal to the north, in Washington. However, the army of the Confederate did not follow the Union’s troops. Young is clear to say that the confederate army was not well prepared to fight the Union, and their failure was more of automatic (178). This First Battle of Bull Run did not have a lasting significance in terms of military ability. Young is of the opinion that the battle was simply one that was keen to draw an army of amateurs, and led by amateurs (178). Campbell adds on to say that the 1861 Battle of Bull Run was one that was really hu miliating and the defeat of the 35000 men under General McDowell Irvin is one that is notable(108). In this case, it is justifiable to say that this historical moment is memorable in the history of the great nation. Campbell insists that the Bull Run was a dismay series of the Union’s loss in the battlefield under Lincoln administration (108). Implications of the 1861, 1st Battle of Bull Run The Battle- End of slavery and segregation Carlisle & Golson indicate that the Southern defeat in the Battle had a profound implication on the military history of USA, as well as the entire political arena (54). The defeat of the Confederation disrupted the conditions of coming up with a Civil Rights Movement in the 1860s and completely end the discrimination and segregation of persons in the United States of America (54). In as much the war led to the loss of a lot of lives, discrimination was still prevalent in the society, though the war was instrumental in the ban of slave trade and s lavery in USA. However, Carlisle& Golson argue that despite the fact that the war was short-lived, the society in America was slowly being reconstructed and that a new identity was beginning to unfold in America (54). No party was fighting for supremacy and control of territory and that amendments were made to improve the social landscape of the country (Carlisle & Golson 54). In this case, the Battle of Bull Run was instrumental in creating a civil war that would see to the rights of Americans adhered to, and the abolition of slave trade that had profound effects on the lives of the Americans. The Battle can then be described as the pillar of hope to the equality, justice and impartiality enjoyed by the American citizens. It is evident that the Confederate side won the 1861, Battle of Bull Run. However, it is of great importance to note the challenges facing the Confederate in the quest to succeed in the battle. It is evident that the troops were terribly disorganized in such a way that they could barely administer authority on pursuing the Yankees, who had earlier arrived in Washington by 22nd July (Haven 60). The First Manassas in the South cost the Union about 3000 casualties as opposed to the 1750 on the side of the Confederates (Haven 58). According to Haven, the outcome of the war rendered the persons of the north hold on to a false hope, and the southerners’ false hope of being the successful group (59). In real sense, the Union and

Cortes 2nd Letter Back To Spain Essay Example for Free

Cortes 2nd Letter Back To Spain Essay To systematically rid the world of a civilization takes not only military genius and advanced weaponry, but also a lot of something else. This something else is quite unknown though. While Cortes and other Spaniards at the time believed that his conquering of the Aztecs was purely courage and Gods will, I believe that it was not so much of those, but a whole lot of luck. In Cortes second letter to the Emperor he discusses his battles with the Aztecs within the city limits of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan. While writing about the inner-city war between the massive army of Aztecs and the handful of Spaniards, Cortes credits his victories to the bravery of himself and his troops. Not to mention, throughout his letter of conquest, Hernan Cortes brings up God. This in turn, gives me the impression that he, like most Christians during this time, also credits God for the victory. Simply saying that they were enforcing Gods will. I on the other hand, mainly credit Cortes destruction of the Aztec empire to the Spaniards advanced weapons, military intelligence, and a hint of luck. While the Spanish were using guns to slowly mow down the constant waves of attacks of the Aztecs, the Aztecs themselves were armed with mere rocks. This creates a mild advantage for the gun bearing Cortes and his men, but not too large of one, due to the limited number of Spanish men and the almost infinite number of Aztecs. This is where I believe a lot of luck came into play for Cortes, the fact that he and his men fought their way out of the island city of Tenochtitlan is simply amazing. To say that you are carrying out the will of God is quite hasty and cannot be supported either way. This in turn means that the something else that aided Cortes in his victory can only be explained as luck at the moment. Since there is no real way to discover the causes of Cortes upset victory of the Aztec empire, one must figure it was the weaponry, intelligence, and luck. No matter what it was, it definitely was pivotal in the conquest of Mexico for the Spanish empire.

Early History Of Public Health Health And Social Care Essay

Early History Of Public Health Health And Social Care Essay Contemporary public health has evolved through various historical stages. Its development as a discipline has been shaped throughout many years from the ancient times to the present day and different pioneers from different countries tremendously contributed to its historical evolution. Furthermore, public health evolution has been marked by several changes since its inception and these changes were influenced by the newly developed ideas and scientific evidences for the purpose of improving the health of the population (Porter, 1994). The essay here, in its first part, will attempt to discuss in more details the most important changes that public health has undergone in the course of its evolution and why these changes occurred. In the second part, the explicit meaning of essential components of public health will be discussed and the way these should be achieved will be proposed throughout. MOST IMPORTANT CHANGES IN THE HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND REASONS FOR THESE CHANGES Throughout human race history, health problems have existed and have been concerned mainly with community well-being. Most of these health problems were mostly caused by communicable diseases related to poor physical environment, insufficiency supply of water and food of good quality and poor provision of medical care. Interventions to cope with the above health issues have changed over time but closely linked and this led to what is known today as modern public health (Rosen, 1993, p.1). 1.1. Early history of public health Available literature demonstrates that there are evidences of activities associated with the improvement of community health that have existed from the ancient times. Rosen (1993:1) outlines that, in the north India some 4000 years ago, archaeological findings have shown that there has been a developed urban planning system with great sanitation and housing. He further adds that other evidences have shown, in other Asian countries, that the same system was largely developed mostly in Egypt to mention but a few. Apart from the above earliest development, public health continued its evolution over the centuries pioneered by several authors among them Hippocrates. This honored Greek physician, also known as the father of medicine because of his commendable contribution on the practice of medical ethics for physicians demonstrated how proper diet, fresh air, a moderate climate and attention to lifestyle and living conditions were important for healthy living (Schneider Lilienfeld, 2008:5). Later on, other societies inspired by the Greek civilisation, as it is the case for the Romans, continued to develop water and sanitation infrastructure and healthcare system. Schneider and Lilienfeld, (2008:5) reported that, further to the public health systems that were just introduced, Romans put in place governmental administration systems to overseeing the initiated changes. However, these early public health initiatives did not benefit all the population; vulnerable groups like slaves and those living in poverty did not have access to the safe drinking water and adequate sanitation and continuously suffered high rate of diseases as it is now noted in some parts of the world (Schneider Lilienfeld, 2008:5). 1.2. Middle Ages After these early development of public health, came the Medieval Ages (500-1500 A.D.) that were characterised by a decline of the Greco-Roman powers due to disintegration from within and invasions from outside that destroyed public health infrastructure(Rosen,1993:26). During this period, health problems were thought to be having spiritual causes and the remedy as well. This belief was shared by both pagans and Christians. It was believed, for Christians, that there was a link between sin and the occurrence of disease and the latter was considered to be a punishment (Rosen, 1993:26). Biological and physical environment as the main factors in transmissible disease causation were ignored and this was the main implication of the spiritualism during this era and as a result it was difficult to control the epidemics that erupted leaving millions of people dead and others suffering from their sequels (International Health Sciences University, 2012). Rosen (1993:35) states that the 2 devastating epidemics that may be considered which prevailed during this time are the Plague of Justinian and the Black Death in 543 and 1348 respectively. Moreover, other outbreaks between the above 2 dates ravaged Europe and other regions around Mediterranean Sea notably but not exhaustively: leprosy, smallpox, diphtheria, measles, tuberculosis, and scabies. Causes of these epidemics were not identified yet but it was thought that poor living conditions were highly associated. After these horrific epidemics occurrence, various measures were put in place in Europe cities to fight against them and consequently improve public health. Establishment of butcheries and regulation about livestock possession, regulation of food at public market, food preservation and garbage disposal are the measures that proved to be effective in preventing disease transmission from animals to people or between people. Additionally, food preservation regulation played a key role in prevention of food borne diseases from damaged and expired food (International Health Sciences University, 2011). 1.3. Renaissance Era The development of public health did not stop in Middle Ages. The followed period of renaissance (1500-1700 of Christian era) was marked by a rejection of older theories. However, the old theories helped in developing new ones. Spiritual theory about the cause of disease started to be doubtful as epidemics killed both sinners and saints. Environmental factors were uncovered to be the leading cause in the development of infectious diseases. Further critical observations of sick people, signs and symptoms they presented have shown that various illnesses were distinctly separate (International Health Sciences University, 2012). It is worth to note that, during renaissance era, various authors brought new discoveries in the development of public health. Rosen (1993) reported that the Italian Giolamo Fracastoro brought in the theory of contagion where he showed the role of microorganisms in infectious diseases development and the way the communicable diseases are transmitted. The Dutchman Anton von Leeuwenhoek, the inventor of microscope, was the first man to confirm that the theory Giolamo Fracastoro developed was probably true after his observation of microbes agents. Indeed, the contribution of other authors (Petty, John Graunt and Gottfried Achenwall) in this important era of public health evolution was significant. They introduced the concept of measurement in public health to quantify health problems like calculations of mortality, life expectancy and fertility (Rosen, 1993). Despite this new era of rethinking and developing new ideas about public health, some diseases like malaria, smallpox and plague continued ravaging and killing many people in some European countries. Also, travels and movements between urban and rural areas dominated this era, explaining the spread of these illnesses to other areas causing suffering to their inhabitants. 1.4. The enlightenment epoch This is the period from 1750 to mid-nineteenth century (Encyclopedia of Public Health, 2002).The enlightenment era is considered to be the era where public health discipline has known tremendous progress. Rosen (1993) states that enlightenment era was seen as pivotal in the development of public health. Industrial development was the main turning point during this era. Likewise, social and political development has remarkably had a great impact on societal transformation and the knowledge about the way communicable diseases are spread has increasingly improved. (Encyclopedia of Public Health, 2002). Despite the remarkable changes, it is stated that health conditions were still demanding due to the great number of people moving towards industrial areas in the cities, poor sanitation system and insufficiency in clean water supply. Additionally, working conditions were not conducive for those mainly working in mines and factories. All of these factors largely contributed to the spread of diseases (Rosen, 1993). In England, Edwin Chadwick demonstrated the reality of poverty disease cycle and attempted to measure the association between poverty and disease. Also, Chadwick linked the disease with environmental factors. His report The Report of a General Plan for the Promotion of Public and Personal Health (1850) attracted attention and is considered by many as one of the important documents of modern public health (Encyclopedia of Public Health, 2002). Chadwicks evidences were later proved by John Snows work during the famous 1848 London cholera outbreak where he identified that the contamination of water pump was the probable origin of the epidemic (International Health Sciences University, 2012). Towards 19th century, new discoveries in bacteriology emerged. The great work of the Frenchman Luis Pasteur collaboratively with other scientists showed that micro-organisms were responsible of diseases occurrence thus proving to be false the theory of spontaneous generation developed before; henceforth the germ theory was born. Later on, the Germany Robert Koch proved that one micro-organism causes specific disease (International Health Sciences University, 2012). Following these remarkable findings, some medicaments were developed including some disinfectants which became popular in medical practice and as a result, mortality and morbidity rates declined significantly. Additionally, the identification of microbes as causative agents of diseases resulted in an establishment of immunology as a science and subsequently the vaccines were developed (International Health Sciences University, 2012). 1.5. Twentieth Century Early on, decrease in mortality and morbidity rate was significant following the bacteriology emergence in later 19th Century. On the other hand, serious health problems did not disappear; infant mortality among others. It is reported that, for the time being, in Europe and in the United States of America health programs for improving maternal and child health were developed (Encyclopedia of Public Health, 2002). Academic programs in public health were developed, given the growing scope and complexity of public health problems, to deal with research issues and to train public health personnel. Health organisations agencies and charities were established in tackling public health concerns for particular groups of population (Rosen, 1993). Later on in twentieth century, expansion of public health roles continued and its horizon broadened. However, 1920s and early 1930s saw a slow development of public health. There was a decline in disease prevalence as a result of establishment of sanitary measures. In the aftermath of World War II, there was an increasing growth of health infrastructure in the curative field but little attention was paid to planning 1960s and early 1970s marked what was named period of social engineering. The main characteristic of this period was the economic growth chiefly in the United States of America but part of the population were medically uncovered (International Health Sciences University, 2012). Later 1970s to 1980s, health promotion initiatives, eradication of certain diseases that ravaged the world before and the emergence of new infectious disease were making headlines. Encyclopedia of public health (2002) states that the emergence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection, use of addictive drugs and air pollution were the main preoccupations of World Health Organisation and other international agencies. Conclusion As a final point, it is obvious that public health as a discipline has its own history which evolved over time from the early history of human race till today. The focus of public health enlarged as time advanced as health problems. At the same time, the future of public health will be and will remain of an utmost importance in solving populations health where everyone is invited to play his/her active role. MEANING OF ESSENTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH COMPONENTS AND THE WAY THEY SHOULD BE ACHIEVED 2.1. Collective responsibility for health and the major role of the state in protecting and promoting health Health sector is the main sector that deals with the health of populations. However, this does not mean that its activities are the only concerned with the promotion of community health. World Health Organisation (2013) states that the health of populations is determined not only by the health sector but also by social and economic factors, and henceforth, policies and other actions other than of those of health sector. In developing health policies, governments should work collaboratively with other sectors involved in development process such as finance, education, agriculture, environment, housing and transport to see how their planning can reach their objectives while also improving health. Also, this intersectoral partnership helps in tackling other health related issues such as those activities that pollute environment or promote those activities aimed at having access to quality education or gender equality. 2.2. Focus on the whole population Public health activities are intended to promote the health of the whole population rather than individuals health. According to Riegelman (2010) the first thing to come to mind, in public health, is the health of the community and the society in general. Indeed, in public health the activities to improve the health are no longer individual-centered but rather population-centered. To achieve this, collaboration between all development sectors is needed given the wide view of public health. The involvement of all development actors is seen as a comprehensive way of thinking about the scope of public health and it is an evidence-based approach for the analysis of health determinants and illnesses. This leads to evidence-based interventions to protect and improve health (Riegelman, 2010). 2.3. Emphasis upon prevention Prevention constitutes a key component of public health practice. It has been said that prevention is better than cure; this statement shows how much prevention activities are of a paramount importance in public health. Health promotion and disease prevention activities play a key role in tackling health problems that the community faces which, in many cases, are preventable (World Health Organisation, 2002). Strategies for prevention that aim to alleviate the risk factors by promoting healthy behaviours and reducing dangerous exposures need a collaboration between government and different stakeholders and active participation of the population(World Health Organisation,2002). 2.4. Recognizing underlying socio-economic determinants of health and disease Socioeconomic determinants with other determinants of health (biological, environment, culture, personal behaviour, living and working conditions) mostly influence the health status of population. Further, these health determinants may interact with other factors for better or worse. Importantly, socioeconomic factors are thought to be major determinants of health. Washington State Department of Health (2007) reports that Health impacts associated with lower socioeconomic position accumulate and persist throughout the lifespan. The partnership between public health professionals, community, nongovernmental organisations and governmental institutions is a major force to fix this issue (Washington State Department of Health, 2007). 2.5. Partnership with the population served The collaboration with the community in addressing health issues is a core part of health promotion activities. Declaration of Alma Ata (1978) claims that the maximum involvement of community and individual self-reliance and the active participation in planning, organisation, operation and control of primary healthcare are the basis of success in health promotional activities. Therefore, policies, strategies and plan of action should be established by the government to ensure that primary healthcare is launched and sustained as a core part of health system in partnership with other sectors. 2.6. Multidisciplinary basis Multidisciplinary feature of public health is unquestionable. According to Tzenalis Sotiriadou (2010:50), the engagement of various stakeholders in the task of improving health of population shows that promoting health does not belong to one group of professionals or sector of health services. The joint action from various professional groups at every level is reported to be effective and recommended in providing health promotion services (Solheim, Memory Kimm 2007 cited in Tzenalis Sotiriadou, 2010). Conclusion Altogether, the above described core components of modern public demonstrate how much wide the discipline of public health is. The active participation of all involved stakeholders is the key towards the success of public health practice.

The Challenge :: Progressivism Education Teaching Essays

The Challenge â€Å"Good teaching is one-fourth preparation and three-fourths theatre.† (Gail Godwin) This statement can be proven time and time again in the classroom. Students can only learn so much sitting in their seats. Making the lesson into an adventure, letting students discover things on their own, hands-on, lets students feel that they have a part in what they get to learn and can grasp concepts better. Having this perception is almost essential in today’s classroom. Students are made to be in school for almost eight hours a day. To make the classroom fun lets students get the extra boost of energy they need. Running a classroom like this way a great example of how a Progressivist would do so. I want my classroom to be full of progressivism. Children should be given the chance to explore, develop opinions, and have extraordinarily unique personalities without one test determining the student’s knowledge. My philosophy is that education should be offered to students in the way that they learn best, whether it be through bookwork, group work, or presentations that not only will help them learn now, but also with everything they do. Education is a right and a gift that should be handled with care. Being a teacher is one of my main goals because if you cannot have fun within the learning process, and create an appetite for further knowledge, then students will never retain what they learn, nor want to. I want to have brightly painted walls that will create open-mindedness with educational murals, relating to the content area of the grade level I teach, to decorate the room. I want to have students arranged in groups to help each other learn. Students will be able to take part in the rule making process and the technique of learning in my classroom. If a student cannot learn under certain conditions, they should not be made to do so. The role of the teacher isn’t to stand in front of the room and dictate material. I feel that I should influence the growth of my students by controlling the environment in which the growth takes place, rather than pounding bits of information into their heads (Sadker and Sadker pp96-97).

Non-Monetary Rewards in the Workplace

Managers of different industries and organizations have been finding ways to create a motivational workplace. Defining motivation, it is â€Å"that which gives impetus to our behavior by arousing, sustaining, and directing it toward the attainment of goals† (Wortman and Loftus, 1992 p.353). In order for a business organization to achieve its objectives, therefore, there should be some motivations in the workplace that will drive its employees to accomplish such objectives. Companies may aim to improve the quality and productivity of the business primarily for increased profitability. Personally, employees may have their own motivators that drive them to perform their jobs better. Older employees are motivated by the insurance and pensions they will get upon retirement while others are motivated by the increase in salary as the years of their stay in the company increases. What makes motivation very important is that when it has been very effective, the business and its workers will mutually benefit; that is they will both achieve their goals. For businesses, turn over rate will decrease and productivity may increase. What also makes it a hard task for the managers is that employees have different behaviors and attitudes towards work, thus different motivations are needed in order to satisfy the employees. The most common type of motivation is reward. Rewards are given to motivate employees to improve their performance or simply to avoid dissatisfaction among employees. Rewards may be monetary or non-monetary. The purpose of monetary rewards is to acknowledge employees’ excellent job through money. Money has been an effective motivator because people are motivated first by the desire to secure first-level needs of food and shelter for survival (Creech, 1995). Aside from that, one of the primary reasons why people work is to earn money and improve their economic status. Monetary rewards or incentives include salary increase, profit sharing, project bonuses, stock options and warrants, scheduled bonuses and additional paid vacation time (Ballentine et al, 2003 p.1). However, people’s needs are not only material things. There are also other needs that are needed to be satisfied such as the need to learn, to be challenged, to improve skills, improve social status, and the need for other opportunities. These needs are basically what make people self satisfied and fulfilled. Non-Monetary Rewards Non-monetary rewards are important employee motivators. As many people say, there are certain things that money cannot buy and these are sometimes more important to people. According to Kohn (1993 on Ballentine et al, 2003), monetary incentives encourage compliance rather than risk-taking because most rewards are based only on performance. On the other hand, non-monetary rewards are recognition of an excellent job which do not involve money but are still satisfying and motivating to employees with the purpose of creating opportunities to the employees. Non-monetary rewards include: (1) opportunity to learn, develop and advance as an employee; (2) flexible hours; (3) Recognition; (4) the opportunity to contribute; and (5) independence and autonomy (Anonymous, 2006). Opportunity to Learn, Develop and Advance The opportunity to learn, develop and advance can be considered as opportunity for growth. Creech (1995) describes growth as to the mental abilities of employees. Promotion is one means of growth but there are also other ways that employees can learn and grow aside from moving out of their current position. Training, for example, are provided to employees who have showed exemplary performance. Some companies even send their employees abroad for special seminars and trainings to further enhance their skills while other companies have provided scholarships and send their employees to universities to make them more educated. Another way of rewarding an employee is by giving him more complex and challenging tasks that will help improve his skills giving employees a certain feeling of achievement. Flexible Hours Having flexible hours is rewarding to employees in such a way that they can have more time with other obligations. It will be rewarding for good employees if they can have time for other important things such as the family, a part-time job, hobbies and social life. Even the most dedicated employees may feel like slaves and may lose interest with their jobs if all their time will be spent working for the company alone but those who can have time for their selves can be more enthusiastic. Recognition It is very important for an employee’s excellent job to be appreciated and recognized. Recognition as a reward should be earned directly through the job (Creech, 1995) and must be in the form of merit so that employees know efforts are being observed and appreciated by management (Anonymous, 1994). Recognition may be in the form of â€Å"pat in the back†, verbal praise, or written praise (in the form of letter or certificate). There are even some companies that announce the reward publicly by holding ceremonies annually or quarterly in recognition of outstanding employees such as awards for the most prolific employees, the most loyal, most innovative and so on. In this way, employees are more motivated knowing that their good performances are recognized. Opportunity to Contribute Employees feel rewarded when they know that they have good contributions in the workplace. They can even more contribute to the organization when they are given more responsibilities and when they know that their contributions are being valued. This reward involves having to work in a team, working closely with the people in the upper level of the business organizations such as the management, and having your ideas being heard and considered with regards to the decisions made in the company. This kind of reward is commonly given to innovative and creative employees who always have new ideas to contribute to product development and productivity. Independence and Autonomy Exemplary employees are usually given the independence and autonomy because the management trusts them that can accomplish their jobs without supervision and help of others. This reward is commonly given to employees who are good in decision making, can handle pressure and can finish the job on time effectively. It is a rewarding and comfortable feeling for an employee when there is no supervisor or other employees that always looks after his works while employers can save time and money when they have workers who can work independently. Conclusion Although monetary rewards have been traditionally effective as a motivator in a workplace, non-monetary rewards are also important in meeting the other needs of the employees. Non-monetary rewards satisfy and eliminate unhappiness in the workplace by providing employee self-fulfillment, growth, and a feeling of achievement, making them more motivated to perform their jobs better. Therefore, in a workplace, there should be a balance of monetary and non-monetary rewards which motivates employees in different effective ways. References: Anonymous (1994) Personnel Practices/Communications. Human Resources Management. Chicago: Commerce Clearing House Inc., Anonymous, Top Five Non Monetary Items Employees Want in a Workplace Retrieved online on October 12, 2006 http://www.recognitionrewards.com/top_five_items.htm Ballentine, Andrew, McKenzie, Nora, Wysocki, Allen & Kepner, Karl (2003), The Role of Monetary and Non-Monetary Incentives in the Workplace as Influenced by Career Stage, EDIS, Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Creech, Regina (1995), Employee Motivation, Management Quarterly, Volume 36, Issue 2 Wortman, Camille B. and Elizabeth F. Loftus. (1992) Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Free Essays on Tourism In UAE

Tourism in UAE I. Introduction: II. Tourism Statistics: III. Tourism in Abu Dhabi:  · Abu Dhabi National Hotels Company:  · Al Futaisi Golf and Country Club: IV. Tourism in Dubai  · Department of Tourism & Commerce Marketing:  · Hotel Classification:  · Al Maha:  · Wild Wadi Park: V. Tourism in Sharjah: VI. Tourism in East Coast: VII. Tourism in Northern Emirates: VIII. Conclusion:  § References: I. Introduction: Due to its location the UAE has been able to act as a connecting link between Europe and the Indian subcontinent, the Far East and Africa since time immemorial. It is still playing the role of intermediary between these vastly different cultures, the only difference being that air travel has significantly increased the number of visitors who come to the UAE. Traditional Arab hospitality and a delightful winter climate complemented by a highly sophisticated infrastructure and crime-free environment have also contributed in recent years to creating an ideal atmosphere for the development of tourism. The UAE is also endowed with an extensive coastline, sandy beaches and varied landscape, where a wide variety of activities can be indulged, ranging from powerboat races to sand skiing. Manicured golf courses provide ready enjoyment and for the less active shopping opportunities abound. In addition, the country's deep-rooted cultural heritage, accessible in the many cultural centers and at traditional sports such as falconry, camel- racing and horseracing, has been a powerful attraction for tourists. The UAE has also become a much sought after venue for conferences, regional and international exhibitions and major sports events such as the Dubai World Cup, the Dubai Desert Classic Golf Tournament, and polo and cricket competitions. II. Tourism Statistics: The UAE is placing more emphasis on promoting tourism in the course of lessening its reliance on the traditional oil industry and diver... Free Essays on Tourism In UAE Free Essays on Tourism In UAE Tourism in UAE I. Introduction: II. Tourism Statistics: III. Tourism in Abu Dhabi:  · Abu Dhabi National Hotels Company:  · Al Futaisi Golf and Country Club: IV. Tourism in Dubai  · Department of Tourism & Commerce Marketing:  · Hotel Classification:  · Al Maha:  · Wild Wadi Park: V. Tourism in Sharjah: VI. Tourism in East Coast: VII. Tourism in Northern Emirates: VIII. Conclusion:  § References: I. Introduction: Due to its location the UAE has been able to act as a connecting link between Europe and the Indian subcontinent, the Far East and Africa since time immemorial. It is still playing the role of intermediary between these vastly different cultures, the only difference being that air travel has significantly increased the number of visitors who come to the UAE. Traditional Arab hospitality and a delightful winter climate complemented by a highly sophisticated infrastructure and crime-free environment have also contributed in recent years to creating an ideal atmosphere for the development of tourism. The UAE is also endowed with an extensive coastline, sandy beaches and varied landscape, where a wide variety of activities can be indulged, ranging from powerboat races to sand skiing. Manicured golf courses provide ready enjoyment and for the less active shopping opportunities abound. In addition, the country's deep-rooted cultural heritage, accessible in the many cultural centers and at traditional sports such as falconry, camel- racing and horseracing, has been a powerful attraction for tourists. The UAE has also become a much sought after venue for conferences, regional and international exhibitions and major sports events such as the Dubai World Cup, the Dubai Desert Classic Golf Tournament, and polo and cricket competitions. II. Tourism Statistics: The UAE is placing more emphasis on promoting tourism in the course of lessening its reliance on the traditional oil industry and diver...

Minimum Wages Will Increase in These 21 States in 2017 -TheJobNetwork

Minimum Wages Will Increase in These 21 States in 2017 -TheJobNetwork Good news! A ton of states are raising their minimum wage for 2017. These wage bumps differ from state to state, with some states getting a meager five cent boost, and others seeing raises of over a dollar per hour. Here’s a state-by-state guide to wage increases you can expect in your state this year.$0.05-0.10 per hourFour states are raising their wage only by a nickel an hour. Those states are Alaska, Florida, Missouri, and Ohio. New Jersey is raising its wage by 6 cents per hour. Montana and South Dakota are doing slightly better with their full 10Â  cent increase. Most of these increases have to do with changes in the rate of inflation, usually rounding to the nearest nickel (except, of course, New Jersey, who rounds to the nearest penny).$0.10-0.50 per hourTwo states, Michigan and Vermont, are raising their wage by 40Â  cents an hour. It gets better in Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Maryland, and Oregon, where that increase is an even 50 cents.Hawaii’s wage raise amounts to 75 cents per hour for 2017. New York couldn’t quite keep up, with only 70 cents of a bump this year. And Colorado raised its wage 99 cents per hour- just shy of a dollar.$1 dollar or moreIf you happen to lucky enough to live in one of these states, you’ll see an increase of a dollar or more in the minimum wage for 2017: Massachusetts ($1), Maine ($1.50) Washington ($1.53), and Arizona (a whopping $1.95).Even better, states like Arizona, California, and New York are raising their wages incrementally, hoping to continue raising by large margins through the 2020s to get closer to $12 or $12.50 total per hour.That said, there are still many states with no minimum wage laws at all. These rely on the federal minimum wage. And another 15 states are below or at the bare federal minimum of $7.25.Meanwhile, Bernie Sanders continues to promote the #FightFor15 movement, which would raise the federally mandated minimum wage to $15 per hour. For all you hourly worke rs, here’s hoping!

An Interpretation of the Money Tree Essays

An Interpretation of the Money Tree Essays An Interpretation of the Money Tree Paper An Interpretation of the Money Tree Paper Visually, the money tree was unique and distinct, compared to other Han Dynasty art pieces clay models of mythical and real animals, lead-glazed earthenware canteens, reamer vessels, tile and brick decorations found in tombs, and various models of houses, stoves, mills, and farmyards. Its elaborate detail and delicacy was unlike not only the Han pieces in Gallery 15, but any art I had seen in Chinese history. However, the money tree was not love at first sight. As I researched and learned more about the tree, I became increasingly drawn to the piece. The money tree represents the synergy of Taoism and Buddhism during the Eastern Han Dynasty- a guide to heaven, and the hope for good fortune In the afterlife. Money trees were placed In tombs found mostly In the Chuan province of China during the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 AD). The money tree Is made of bronze and can be delved Into two sections: the base and the branches of the tree. The ceramic and bronze base is covered with an amber lead glaze and contains three levels, which portray lively scenes rarely found in Chinese art, such as hunting (Rigger 11 . 10. 05). Whole surviving money trees are rare, since the solid base of the tree endure longer than its delicate branches. The branches of the tree are thin, wintertime bronze pieces that are divided by six levels. Each level has four branches facing opposite directions that are divided by ninety degrees. The branches thrive with magical creatures (such as winged immortals called Asian), disk shapes, birds, and coins that literally hang from the bottom of the branches (museum description). Each coin Is similar to those used during the Han Dynasty (a square cut out off circle) and Is Interconnected, forming what looks Like a chain. At the top of the tree the Queen Mother of the West (Aqualung), an Important Taoist deity, Is dated on her throne supported by a dragon and tiger. Between the topmost branch and the Queen Mother of the West is a small figure of a seated Buddha surrounded by coins. The Han Dynasty lasted from 206 BCC to 220 AD and followed the short-lived Sin Dynasty from 221 to 206 BCC. China flourished domestically during the Han dynasty and expanded geographically, politically, and culturally to neighboring lands. Han art made frequent references to spirits, portents, myths, the strange and powerful, the death-defying and the dazzling (Byre 71). Art pieces like the money tree show the attempt of Han emperors to contact the Immortal world of gods and the Importance of the fate of the dead (Byre 71). This desire for life after death and Immortality during the Han Dynasty Is portrayed through the Taoist deity the Queen Mother of the West. Her paradise Is filled with deathless trees, lucky charms, and auspicious animals such as the dancing toad, the three-foot crow, the nine-tailed fox, the hare Tanat produces ten laxer AT Immortality, Ana magical Dallas, wanly are placate In ten upper edge of the branches (Byre 71, Bagley 54). People of all social classes reshipped her and believed in her power to provide immortality. The History of the Han from 3 BCC explains, People were running about in a state of alarm, holding stalks of hemp that they passed from one to another, saying they were delivering the wand the edict of the Queen Mother of the West They also passed around texts reading The Mother tells the people that those who wear this talisman will not die (Byre 73). Taoism emphasizes themes similar to those of the Queen Mother of the West, such as immortality, longevity, and wealth. Towards the end of the Han Dynasty, otherwise known as the Eastern Han, specialists of immorality, called famishing and their beneficiaries Asian (Rigger 11 . 7. 05). Other Taoist features are also apparent on the decorations on the base of the money tree, figures with elongated heads called the Taoist Immortals (Chipper 6). The Immortals refer to the cult of immortals or transcendent (in Chinese, Asian) in which believers practiced the arts of physical cultivation to make themselves into spiritual beings (Rigger 1 1 . 14. 05). Another important figure present in the money tree is a seated Buddha placed low the Queen Mother of the West. Mahayana Buddhism originated in India where Shamanic, the historical Buddha lived, and spread to China through the Silk Road (Byre 95). The hierarchical position of the Buddha on the money tree, below the Queen Mother of the West, but above the Queens attendants and earth, portrays the emergence of Buddhism, specifically Mahayana Buddhism, at a time when Taoism was considered the dominant religion. In fact, many Chinese first viewed Buddhism as a variation of Taoism, since early translators used Taoist terms to express Buddhist ideas. For example, the Mahayana concept of the fundamental emptiness of phenomena was identified with the Taoist notion of non-being (Byre 96). Therefore the synergy of Buddhism and Taoism is represented by important religious figures, the seated Buddha and Gaming. Not only does the money tree symbolize a religious orgy, but also a guide to heaven from earth for the dead. The base of the tree represents the divine mountainous realm of the Queen Mother of the West, called Mount Kuhn. Geographically, Mount Kuhn is associated with the West, specifically in Chuan Bagley 318). Meanwhile, the peak of the tree represents Coxswains paradise or heaven. Therefore the stem of the money tree represents a world-axis that links heaven and earth. The Buddha, positioned Just below the Queen Mother of the West, symbolizes a guide to the Queens paradise. Money trees were placed in tombs, so that the deceased within would enter the Queens paradise directly and easily in the afterlife. Once the deceased reaches the afterlife by following the path laid out through the money tree, the Chinese hoped that happiness and prosperity, attributes f the Queen Mother of the West, will continue in the afterlife. In addition to the money tree representing the union between earth and heaven, it also represents the hope for the entombed to have good fortune in the afterlife. During the Han Dynasty, the money tree was called a shush or coin pillar, hence the interlaced coins on the lower edge of the branches (Bagley 54). The thin plates of filigree openwork of the branches suggests that the coins on the money tree were cast in flat two-piece molds similar to the technique once used to cast Han coins. During ten Han Dynasty, cools were producer a cozen at a time In a moll winner each coin was Joined to each other by the pouring channels (Bagley 274). The interconnected chain of coins on the branches of the money tree symbolizes eternal and continuous wealth. Furthermore, as the entombed ascended from earth to heaven by following the path laid out on the money tree, the entombed would collect the coins on their way to heaven. Therefore, the path to the paradise of the Queen Mother of the West is filled with riches. Through the study of the money tree we can conclude that it symbolically presents a map that directs the entombed to heaven. The Buddha acts as a guide to lead the deceased to the Queen Mother of the West, while the abundance of coins shows that the path to her paradise is littered with wealth. Furthermore, the appearance of both the Queen Mother of the West and the seated Buddha shows the intermingling of Taoism and Buddhism. As these interpretations of the money tree unfolded in my mind, I became increasingly passionate about the money tree.

Ethics and Professionalism in Teaching Research Paper

Ethics and Professionalism in Teaching - Research Paper Example All professions in all societies have the task of contributing to the common good. Compared to other professions, teaching is considered as the noblest job of all. It is described not only a selfless career but as having the most significant impact on society because it takes upon itself the daunting task of educating children. Teaching’s greatest contribution to society, therefore, is to nurture the welfare and development of its citizens – the students. Education, as opposed to the transmission of information, implies an outward orientation of opening up someone’s mind to thinking and reasoning. To achieve this, teachers must concern themselves with both intellectual and moral development. Contrary to Aristotle’s concern of determining which should be the topic of education – intellectual or moral virtue – education would be incomplete without the other. As a result, teachers are tasked not only to impart information to its students to help them become professionals in their own field some day, but also the task of ensuring that they become responsible members of society who could positively contribute to the common good. Teachers have dual roles in their profession. As educators, they have the moral obligation of imparting not only knowledge but also, more importantly, values to students. Instrumentally, they also play other roles in the community and in the school. This includes their roles as researchers, instructors, mentors, and administrators and even the roles they play in their personal lives.

State of Immigration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

State of Immigration - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, the proposal offers provisional status to millions of undocumented immigrants. The country need to come up with measures aimed at solving current challenges in immigration. The first step is to secure the borders. The border with Mexico still allows many illegal immigrants to move into the country hence it need to be secured. A guest-worker program will ensure that people from other countries are accorded the opportunity to work in the United States especially in carrying out hose jobs that have been neglected by the citizens of the nation. However this needs to be backed up with the necessary surveillance so as to ensure that only those who meet the needed qualifications are allowed into the country (Bush, J., McLarty, T. F., & Alden, E. H. 2009). The nation need to increased funding for the U.S. Border Patrol and adding more federal agents who will ensure that no illegal immigrants find their way into the country. Welfare benefits for the illegal immigrants need to be stopped as well as prohibiting in-state education of children from the illegal immigrants’ families. These moves will tend to discourage those who think being immigrants in the United States will offer them with the best opportunities at a lower cost (Borjas, 2007). Chris Gafner and Stephen Yale-Loehr argue that immigration brought great deal of talented and bright immigrants who made positive contributions in the economy as well as other spheres of life among the American people. However the trend is changing due to the fact that many nations have devised strategies aimed at attracting the best of the immigrants thus denying the United States the opportunity of gaining the best of the of the immigrants. Countries such as Canada, China and the European Union have come with attractive means of enticing the best of the immigrants from developing countries especially

The James Bond Franchise Movies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 17

The James Bond Franchise Movies - Essay Example The movies produced in the James Bond franchise strongly reflect the changing American identity and experience. The start of James Bond Films began with the purchase of rights from Ian Fleming by the American CBS television network, to turn the novel, Casino Royale, into a television adventure that would last for one hour (Rubin 23). The television adventure was adapted for screen by Anthony Ellis and Charles Bennett. It starred the American actor, Barry Nelson, as Bond. The movie franchise then developed over time under the auspices of Eon Productions, expanding in terms of business revenues and performance. It currently takes pride as the world’s one of the most experienced and lasting film organization in the world. Most of its movies espouse the events that mark the American experience and identity (Rubin 27). A number of these movies are highlighted below to show how they show and strongly reflect the identity and experience of America. From Russia with Love (1964) was the second movie done by the James Bond Film franchise. It was produced by the Eon Productions. The producers of the film were Albert Broccoli and Harry Saltzman while the director of the movie was Terence Young. The movie was premised and informed by a novel that had the same title done by Ian Fleming. The movie’s story centers on the mission that James Bond is sent to accomplish, which is to help in the defection of Soviet consulate clerk in Turkey. SPECTRE has arrangements for revenging the killing of Dr. No by Bond (Dodd 125). Red tells Bond â€Å"The first one wont kill you; not the second, not even the third... not till you crawl over here and you KISS MY FOOT!† (Young). The film is quite informative about the experience and identity of America. An analysis of the film presents a picture of how America was during the days and the transformation that had taken effect in the movie industry by then.

Computer Science and Information Technology in HR Department of an Research Paper

Computer Science and Information Technology in HR Department of an Organization - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that computer science designates the mathematical, as well as scientific, approach in computing. There has been an increasing acknowledgment that the power of information technology and computing should be, and can be, enlarged beyond its conventional user base, to reach out to citizens, who up till now have not had admittance to such technology. At the present time business world is enduring a vast change. So, the use of Computer science and Information technology in the organizations department helps to solve the problems, as well as to improve the better communication skill of the various departments. Here the research proposal talks about Computer Science and Information Technology in HR department of an organization. Computer science and Information technology are expected to develop the overall performance of HRM by shifting its focus from management or personnel management to strategic HRM. HR information technology is fundamental for organizations to ad minister their benefits plans and their worker information. It will help to solve the problems and improve communication skill in the particular department. â€Å"Computer Science† is the mixture and application of â€Å"Applied Mathematics†, â€Å"Electrical Engineering†, and â€Å"Complexity Theory/Algorithms† to understand and/or model information. In other words, it is the â€Å"field of computation† â€Å"Information Technology† is the mixture and application of â€Å"Programming†, â€Å"Hardware Administration†, â€Å"Software Administration†, â€Å"Networking†, â€Å"Network Security† and â€Å"Technical Support†. ... In other words, it is the â€Å"management of computers† (Abhishek 2012). Computer science and Information technology in the HR department of the organization must be reasonable, available, and significant. The quick and extensive use of information technology and computers has created a need for extremely trained employees, proficient in different job functions. The most considerable alteration is that the professionals in the HR department at the present focus more on company strategic question from a â€Å"human resource† facet through the top level managers of the organizations rather than only dealing with personnel management. So, the use of Computer science and Information technology in HR department of the organization is extremely helpful to solve the various problems, as well as improve the communication in overall departments. Meanwhile, division of the HR jobs, such as routine management and management performance, are decentralized to line managers. In cont rast, these days, organizations are thirsty for the Computer sciences and IT to decrease cost, develop service, and accomplish effectiveness. To make known the adding value of Computer sciences and IT application in HR department of the organization, it is essential to elucidate how IT can advocate the various functions of the HR department, for example, communication/problem solving. Critical Review of Relevant Literature/Review of Current Systems: The application of IT and computer science in human resource department has been built up since 1990s, the influence of IT on HRM are lengthening over years (Florkowski, Lujan 2006). Its capability of contributing to the whole performance of company, as well as

Does Health Policy assist in combating some of the health problems in Essay - 1

Does Health Policy assist in combating some of the health problems in United KINGDOM(DEMENTIA POLICY IN UK) - Essay Example Looking at these alarming statistics, it can be noted that incidences of dementia will only continue to grow. Attention needs to be paid to the ways in which it can become an item of national priority with comprehensible plans being laid out for public spending and service development. Dementia is most commonly found in old people, it is said that 1 in 5 people over 80 have some form of dementia while in those over the age of 65, only 1 in 20 seem to be affected (PSSRU, 2007). However, this is not to say that it cannot occur in young people, in UK, a growing number of younger populations are showing early signs of dementia. While no, one, clear factor has been identified as a cause of dementia, it is said that genetic background, lifestyle, age and medical history could lead to the initiation of dementia. The way each individual experiences dementia depends a lot on their physical upkeep, emotional quotient and family support. However, being a progressive disorder, its symptoms eventually become more rigorous as time passes. There are many varieties of dementia and they are classified depending on the different ways in which the infections affect the brain. In this paper we discuss the four major types of dementia that affect the UK population: 2. Vascular dementia is always found in persons who have suffered a stroke (it could be a single stroke or a series of small strokes). This dementia takes form when the oxygen supply to the brain fails following a stroke and brain cells die (Alzheimers Society,

Kenneth Clark, Katharine Hepburm, Harvey Milk, and Fred korematsu, and Essay

Kenneth Clark, Katharine Hepburm, Harvey Milk, and Fred korematsu, and all tried to create social change in areas of sexual or racial discrimination - Essay Example Although, Tracy Seth (John Holiday) and Margaret (Mary Nash) are divorced; Tracy feels that their family reputation must be protected (Cukor et al, 278). The novel Milk written by Milk Harvey (Sean Penn) covers the difficulties that Milk; a gay activist has to contend. Harvey tries harder to get people to understand and appreciate the sexual preferences of gays in the community (Jinks et al, 212). Kidd presents Dexter with an opportunity to get closer to Tracy. Dexter revealed that Kidd had an innuendo Laden cover up from her Tracy’s father Seth (John Holiday). Tracy’s family Margaret and Dinah (Virginia Weilder), Tracy’s sister, warmly; which disappoints Tracy. During her interaction with Mike, Tracy discovers the admirable qualities that he possesses (Nourmand & Graham, 256). Tracy finds herself wind up in confusion, between her ex-husband the Fiance and Mike, the reporter. To ease her mind, Tracy drinks for the second time in her entire life. She then resorts to a friendly swim with Mike. George gets to see the two, and he appears filled with Jealousy. Tracy uses the opportunity George presents, when confronting her of what he did the previous night, as an opportunity to break up with him on her wedding day. Mike proposes to marry Tracy, who declines in a nice way. When Dexter, her ex husband, asks for Tracy’s hand in marriage; she gladly gets a ccepts (Nourmand & Graham, 256). On the other hand, Harvey, later on, in his quest to fight for the gay rights, receives appointment as a Supervisor in the San Francisco’s board, in the year 1977. Milk takes pride in being the first gay man assimilated in the public office, in America. This way he not only succeeds in materializing the gay rights, but also used the opportunity to fake relations with the political society; from political officials to the union

Computer Science and Information Technology in HR Department of an Research Paper

Computer Science and Information Technology in HR Department of an Organization - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that computer science designates the mathematical, as well as scientific, approach in computing. There has been an increasing acknowledgment that the power of information technology and computing should be, and can be, enlarged beyond its conventional user base, to reach out to citizens, who up till now have not had admittance to such technology. At the present time business world is enduring a vast change. So, the use of Computer science and Information technology in the organizations department helps to solve the problems, as well as to improve the better communication skill of the various departments. Here the research proposal talks about Computer Science and Information Technology in HR department of an organization. Computer science and Information technology are expected to develop the overall performance of HRM by shifting its focus from management or personnel management to strategic HRM. HR information technology is fundamental for organizations to ad minister their benefits plans and their worker information. It will help to solve the problems and improve communication skill in the particular department. â€Å"Computer Science† is the mixture and application of â€Å"Applied Mathematics†, â€Å"Electrical Engineering†, and â€Å"Complexity Theory/Algorithms† to understand and/or model information. In other words, it is the â€Å"field of computation† â€Å"Information Technology† is the mixture and application of â€Å"Programming†, â€Å"Hardware Administration†, â€Å"Software Administration†, â€Å"Networking†, â€Å"Network Security† and â€Å"Technical Support†. ... In other words, it is the â€Å"management of computers† (Abhishek 2012). Computer science and Information technology in the HR department of the organization must be reasonable, available, and significant. The quick and extensive use of information technology and computers has created a need for extremely trained employees, proficient in different job functions. The most considerable alteration is that the professionals in the HR department at the present focus more on company strategic question from a â€Å"human resource† facet through the top level managers of the organizations rather than only dealing with personnel management. So, the use of Computer science and Information technology in HR department of the organization is extremely helpful to solve the various problems, as well as improve the communication in overall departments. Meanwhile, division of the HR jobs, such as routine management and management performance, are decentralized to line managers. In cont rast, these days, organizations are thirsty for the Computer sciences and IT to decrease cost, develop service, and accomplish effectiveness. To make known the adding value of Computer sciences and IT application in HR department of the organization, it is essential to elucidate how IT can advocate the various functions of the HR department, for example, communication/problem solving. Critical Review of Relevant Literature/Review of Current Systems: The application of IT and computer science in human resource department has been built up since 1990s, the influence of IT on HRM are lengthening over years (Florkowski, Lujan 2006). Its capability of contributing to the whole performance of company, as well as

Kenneth Clark, Katharine Hepburm, Harvey Milk, and Fred korematsu, and Essay

Kenneth Clark, Katharine Hepburm, Harvey Milk, and Fred korematsu, and all tried to create social change in areas of sexual or racial discrimination - Essay Example Although, Tracy Seth (John Holiday) and Margaret (Mary Nash) are divorced; Tracy feels that their family reputation must be protected (Cukor et al, 278). The novel Milk written by Milk Harvey (Sean Penn) covers the difficulties that Milk; a gay activist has to contend. Harvey tries harder to get people to understand and appreciate the sexual preferences of gays in the community (Jinks et al, 212). Kidd presents Dexter with an opportunity to get closer to Tracy. Dexter revealed that Kidd had an innuendo Laden cover up from her Tracy’s father Seth (John Holiday). Tracy’s family Margaret and Dinah (Virginia Weilder), Tracy’s sister, warmly; which disappoints Tracy. During her interaction with Mike, Tracy discovers the admirable qualities that he possesses (Nourmand & Graham, 256). Tracy finds herself wind up in confusion, between her ex-husband the Fiance and Mike, the reporter. To ease her mind, Tracy drinks for the second time in her entire life. She then resorts to a friendly swim with Mike. George gets to see the two, and he appears filled with Jealousy. Tracy uses the opportunity George presents, when confronting her of what he did the previous night, as an opportunity to break up with him on her wedding day. Mike proposes to marry Tracy, who declines in a nice way. When Dexter, her ex husband, asks for Tracy’s hand in marriage; she gladly gets a ccepts (Nourmand & Graham, 256). On the other hand, Harvey, later on, in his quest to fight for the gay rights, receives appointment as a Supervisor in the San Francisco’s board, in the year 1977. Milk takes pride in being the first gay man assimilated in the public office, in America. This way he not only succeeds in materializing the gay rights, but also used the opportunity to fake relations with the political society; from political officials to the union

Training Needs Assessment Essay Example for Free

Training Needs Assessment Essay Training and developing the workforce is an important activity for any activity. Before conducting a training program, organizations should conduct training-needs assessment. It will help the organization in identifying what training the employees have, what they’ll need now, and what will they need in the future. In other words, the needs assessment will help in identifying who needs the training, and what kind of training is needed. A needs assessment is conducted on three levels – organizational analysis, task analysis, and individual analysis. The organizational analysis looks at the training needs of the organization as a whole. It looks at how the changes in the macro environment affect the organization and what kind of training will be needed. In task analysis, training assessment about a job is made so as to achieve optimum productivity. In the end, individual analysis breaks down the need for each individual employee as to what kind of training he’ll need. (Barbazette, 2006) Conclusion We have identified numerous areas of HRM relating to labor relations, employee management and global HR that would be helpful to a small manufacturing plant. These are the core HR concepts that must be implemented in every organization. We’ve also identified how to prepare for collective bargaining process, and drafted a plan as to how to reduce accidents and stress on the plant floor. In conclusion, human resource management is very important for any kind of organization – big or small. Even small manufacturing plant must know how to motivate its employees. It should also keep in mind their training needs, how to evaluate them, and their incentive plans. Lastly, it should also be aware of the equal employment opportunity laws that are required by law. Reference Barbazette, J. (2006). Training Needs Assessment: Methods, Tools, and Techniques. Washington D. C. : Pfeiffer.

The Condition of the Working Class in england Analysis

The Condition of the Working Class in england Analysis Originally written in German as Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England, The Condition of the Working Class in England, published in 1845 is a study of the proletarians in Victorian England. It was also Friedrich Engels first book, written during his stay in Manchester from 1842 to 1844. He was only 24 years old and son of a German textile manufacturer. He was sent to Manchester to work in a British textile firm owned by his father. Manchester was then at the very heart of the Industrial Revolution, and Engels compiled his study from his own observations and detailed contemporary reports as he immediately states in the Preface to the German Edition that we will analyse further on. It was his research methods which led to the conclusion regarding the structural inequalities which were, and are, inherent in the capitalist system. After considering other historians point of view in this essay I will argue that Engels and his book can indeed be considered reliable. Engels arrived in Manchester at almost the worst period of what was certainly the most catastrophic slump of the nineteenth century.  [1]  He shows that in large industrial cities mortality from disease, as well as death-rates for workers were higher than in the countryside. In cities like Manchester and Liverpool mortality from smallpox, measles, scarlet fever and whooping cough was four times as high as in the surrounding countryside, and mortality from convulsions was ten times as high as in the countryside. The overall death-rate in Manchester and Liverpool was significantly higher than the national average (one in 32.72 and one in 31.90 and even one in 29.90, compared with one in 45 or one in 46).  [2]   Engels has been accused of everything: from taking too gloomy an interpretation of the conditions of the British working class in 1844, to handling his material in a way which falls below generally accepted standards of scholarship by two Manchester University researchers W. H. Chaloner and W. O. Henderson in 1958.  [3]  The British Marxist Historian Eric Hobsbawm, on the other hand, has defended his account vigorously in his book Labouring Men. Most of the people accepted Engels account as standards, even if they disagreed with the analysis and the conclusions and was consistently in print and widely regarded by non-Marxist historians as a reliable account which they could safely recommend to their students.  [4]   Nonetheless gloomy interpretations have been made by a number of other historians or writers such as Elisabeth Gaskell in her social novels Mary Barton or North and South, J.Philips Kay, contemporaries and contemporary journalists and also official reports like the ones used by Engels himself, the Report to the Home Secretary from the Poor-Law Commissioners or Observations on the Management of the Poor in Scotland and its Effects on the Health of Great Towns or the First Report of the Commissioners for Inquiry into the State of Large Towns and Populous Districts. Far more gloomy descriptions have been written down in the same year by a number of other people. Engels clearly does not want to impress, scare or disgust his readers, he gives details, facts and numbers, you can tell that he both used his personal experience of living in Manchester, when he says I have rarely come out of Manchester on such an evening (Saturday) without meeting numbers of people staggering and seeing others lying in the gutter.  [5]  He uses a number of different sources too, from Dr Kays The Moral and Physical Conditions of the Working Class, to Carlyles Chartism (London, 1840) and many more. Conditions in England were bad, filthy. People lived in an ill-ventilated and abominable state. Engels did not exaggerate at all as he personally states: I am forced to admit that instead of being exaggerated, it is far from black enough to convey a true impression of the filth, ruin, and uninhabitableness, the defiance of all considerations of cleanliness, ventilation, and health which characterize the construction of this single district (Old Town of Manchester), containing at least twenty to thirty thousand inhabitants.  [6]  These descriptions are not even a bit revolting compared to the ones of Edwin Chadwick, Secretary of the Poor-Law Commissioners. He in fact writes: The scene which these places present at night is one of the most lamentable description; the crowded state of the beds, filled promiscuously with men, women, and children; the floor covered over with the filthy and ragged clothes they have just put off, and with their various bundles and packages containing al l the property they possess, mark the depraved and blunded state of their feelings, and the moral and social disorder which exists. The suffocating stench and heat of the atmosphere are almost intolerable to a person coming from the open air, and plainly indicates its insalubrity.  [7]   Even worse is the Report of the General Board of Health on the Epidemic Cholera: The worst circumstance about these slaughter-houses is the accumulation of an enormous quantity of animal and vegetable matter in large holes, where they lie festering, fermenting and putrefying together, and from which there is a constant emanation of offensive vapour poisoning the atmosphere (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) I have seen persons heaving and vomiting. As to the houses, it is utterly impossible to keep the stench out by closed windows; every room is pervaded by it. I am myself obliged to put a handkerchief over my nose and mouth scented with spirits. Most of the neighbours awake with headache, nausea, and loss of appetite. It is one of the most disgusting sights to see the loading of charts; scores of yards of green, blue, or yellow putrid entails hang in festoons over the sides and wheels. I have also seen coagulated blood, and sometimes the whole stuff of a brownish red colour from this addition.  [8 ]   For honesty of intentions I also have to say that other reliable witnesses during the Industrial Revolutions such as British Conservative Statesman and literary figure Benjamin Disraeli or Alexis De Tocqueville in his Journeys to England Ireland do not regard the conditions of the British workers as significantly as Engels or Elisabeth Gaskell. Journeys to England and Ireland heralds Friedrich Engels Conditions of the Working Class in England, but although Tocqueville had been struck by the unhappy conditions of the English working people, he does not seem to have been in touch with Chartist activities in those years.  [9]  Benjamin Disraeli publishes his novel Sybil or The Two Nations trying to trace the difficulties of working classes in England, but then makes one of his characters say that statistics proved that the general condition of the people was much better at this moment than it had been at any known period of history.  [10]  This statistical argument was continue d and affirmed by Professor Silberling and for a generation the cheerful school (Chaloner and Henderson) pinned their faith primarily to him.  [11]  He constructed an index of money wages and of the cost of living for the first half of the nineteenth century and, combining both, arrived at the conclusion that the real wages of the working-class had risen. But he was wrong, because we know that the money-wage rates of a good many, generally skilled workers on time rates, and a lot on piece rates, which are, of course, not very helpful by themselves. We know next to nothing of what people actually earned. How much overtime or short time did they work? How often were they unemployed and for how long? As for the cost of living theory it was equally shaky because it was largely based on guesswork. Chaloner and Henderson point out Engels slips and minor errors, which even Hobsbawm admit that are very numerous. Normally, if a book is full of minor errors and transcription mistakes, it is normal to consider it dishonest, but not in this case. We have to focus on the nature of these inaccuracies. He has been accused to not quote bluebooks textually. A bluebook is a publication that establishes the correct form of case citations or of references to a legal authority showing where information can be found.  [12]  For example he wrote 16 years when the source said 17, he wrote that a sample of children was drawn from one Sunday school, whereas it was two, and so on. This could reduce the credibility of the book, it is true, but in any case readers that want to quote blue-books, should go to the original source in any case. Not that Engels is unreliable: in actual fact, the concrete cases where Engels slips or bias are alleged to have led him to give a wrong or misleading impressi on of the facts, can be counted on the fingers of two hands, and some of the accusations are wrong.  [13]   The first point to make is that most of the descriptions in The Condition of the Working Class in England are not those of Engels himself, but are taken from contemporary reports. Engels used a vast amount of material throughout his book. On a very rough count he used over 30 reports and articles, a number of the second from the Journal of the Statistical Society of London, over 25 official documents, including those of various Commissions of Enquiry (Childrens Employment, 1842 and 1843; Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population, 1842) and reports of Hansards Parliamentary Debates (1843 and 1844) and almost 60 newspaper articles. It is true that the majority (30) of the newspaper items were taken from the Northern Star, the central organ of the Chartists, but he also used the Manchester Guardian (10 items) and The Times (8 items) quite extensively. Engels himself says in the Preface to the German Edition:  [14]   Whenever I lacked official documents for describing the condition of the industrial workers, I always preferred to present proof from Liberal sources in order to defeat the liberal bourgeoisie by casting their own words in their teeth. I cited Tories or Chartists in my support only when I could confirm their correctness from personal observation or was convinced of the truthfulness of the facts quoted because of the personal or literary reputation of the authorities I referred to. Always in the Preface to the German Edition he says that he may have made some minor mistakes:  [15]   I know equally well that here and there I may be proved wrong in some particular of no importance, something that in view of the comprehensive nature of the subject, and its far-reaching assumptions, even an Englishman might be unable to avoid; so much the more since even in England there exists as yet not a single piece of writing which, like mine, takes up all the workers. But without a moments hesitation I challenge the English bourgeoisie to prove that even in a single instance of any consequence for the exposition of my point of view as a whole I have been guilty of any inaccuracy or to prove it by data as authentic as mine. Another way of discrediting Engels is to argue that the sources he uses are unpresentative or selective. Henderson and Chaloner say: These blue-books (or books, or pamphlets, or articles) were not disinterested searches for truth. They were compiled by reformers, passionately anxious to abolish certain abuses (or by revolutionaries, passionately anxious to discredit capitalism). Therefore they picked out the worst cases, because these would cause most public indignation.  [16]  But the exact same things and stories came out from nineteenth-century novelist that are reliable without statistics, partly because they are good observers, partly because the episodes described are far from unlikely. There is no strong evidence to the contrary, so why shouldnt we believe Engels? Chaloner and Henderson have tried really hard to shake the gloomy view of the condition of the British labouring people in the first half of the nineteenth-century, they have tried firmly to discredit Engels book , checking every source, discovering every omission and mistake, not to mention some which are not even there. No other book has been subjected to such systematic and scrupulous hostile examination.  [17]  Having basically failed in their attempt to discredit the book, they started affirming that the conditions were awful, but it was not the fault of capitalism, but of the workers themselves that self-induced poverty because of the expenditure on drink, gambling and tobacco. As we already said one of the main reasons that helps us understand why Engels is a reliable witness of the Industrial Revolution is the Preface to the First German Edition where he clearly explains sources and terminology used. We previously analysed the sources, what is now important to understand is the terminology, that always makes things clear from the beginning and leaves no space to misunderstanding. He therefore states:  [18]   I have used the world Mittelklasse all along in the sense of the English word middle class (or middle classes, as is said almost always). Like the French word bourgeoisie it means the possessing class, specifically that possessing class which is differentiated from the so-called aristocracy the class which in France and England is directly and in Germany, figuring as public opinion, indirectly in possession of political power. Similarly, I have continually used the expressions working men (Arbeiter) and proletarians, working class, propertyless class, and proletariat as equivalents. This shows how careful and precise he was. He was very meticulous even when it comes to the structure of his writing: at the end of every chapter he summarizes and repeats the important parts. He wants no confusion, he wants his writing and therefore what he believes and argues to be as clear as possible. For example in a footnote, he clearly states that Dr Kay occasionally confuses the working class in general with the factory workers, but then underlines how excellent the pamphlet is.  [19]   Engels in the fifth chapter, clearly states that he wants to demonstrate that the bourgeoisie is responsible, as a ruling class, for the murder of working-men. The ruling power of society is the class which holds social and political control and therefore bears the responsibility for the conditions of proletarians. Engels is not surprised about what the workers have become given the circumstances they are living in. Obviously their physical, mental and moral status is so badly damaged that they cannot reach an advantage age. He consequently states that their only enjoyments are sexual indulgence and drunkenness to the point of complete exhaustion of their mental and physical energies.  [20]  He blames the society and the bourgeoisie, all throughout his book, making a relation with modern international Socialism, that in 1844 did not yet exist. Engels in the Preface to the English Edition writes that the ideas in his book represent one of the phases of Socialisms embryonic develop ment. Marx, a very good friend of Engels, used his ideas to build up the theory of Communism as the emancipation of society at large, including the capitalist class, from its narrow conditions. The book was received with great approval in socialist circles. For many workers it was the first time they had been aware of the possibility of a working-class movement. However, the revolutionary conclusions within the text were deplored by bourgeois critics, even though they recognized the accuracy of Engels observations. These conclusions might have been revolutionary, but we have to say that they are the result of his research methods and not a preconceived theory of revolution. Engels did not have a theoretical analysis in which to seek the social conditions that would fit his perspective. His early writings such as this book pre-date both his contact with radical thinkers of the time and the formulation of socialist theories. Engels life experience and observations illustrate how the t heory stated in The Condition was informed by reality and shock for what he saw. Engels starting point was therefore not theoretical, but the raw observed facts of capitalist society.  [21]   However what Marx would have probably never done, is describe the Irish as Engels did in chapter 4: Irish Immigration. Yes, Engels by writing this book was trying to support the working class, by blaming disease, poverty and bad conditions on the bourgeoisie. Because of this, of his background thoughts and because of him trying to politically agitate and politically condemn the English middle class, he should have described with a bit more tact the condition of Little Ireland. He should have said that it was because of the industrial revolution and because of the society in which they were force to live, that they were in such awful conditions. He sort of did this at the end of the chapter by stating: What else should he (the Irishman) do? How can society blame him when it places him in a position in which he almost of necessity becomes a drunkard; when it leaves him to himself, to his savagery?.  [22]  However before that we see that not even Engels was immune to racial prejudic e when he describes Little Ireland as a group of a few hundred mean cottages set in masses of refuse, offal and sickening filth, populated by a horde of ragged women and children swarming about here, as filthy as the swine that thrive upon the garbage heaps and in the puddles. The race that lives in these ruinous cottages, behind broken windows (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦), this race must really have reached the lowest stage of humanity. That race, he argued, was disposed by nature and environment to careless and feckless behaviour, and had brought its dirty habits with it into the hearts of the great English and Scottish towns. Filth and drunkenness, too, they have brought with them, importing a mud cabin level of existence into Britain and degrading and corrupting the English workers through their presence and their competition in the labour market.  [23]  Engels made the mistake of confusing the effects of poverty and ignorance on the poor devil, for the effects of racial characteristic s, but the physical conditions of Little Ireland undoubtedly existed as Engels described them. In conclusion I can affirm, along with historians such as Hobsbawm and using David McLellan words that Engels descriptions can be taken, by and large, as probably the best piece of contemporary evidence that we have available to us.  [24]  The Condition of the Working Class in England is an astonishingly precocious work that recapitulates earlier and contemporary complaints about the damage to human beings created by the rise of industrial capitalism. Seeking to denounce the bourgeoisie for its cruel enslavement and exploitation of the proletariat, his work has still to be considered reliable and accurate. Engels took us through the slums of Manchester and other industrial cities, making us realize and fully understand the disintegration of the individual, the demoralizing influences of poverty, dirt and low environment a disorderly confusion that has been indeed brought by the devastating effects of the industrial society.  [25]  

Theory and practice of group counseling Book Review :: essays research papers

Corey, G. (1999). Theory and practice of group counseling. (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This text was written for graduate or undergraduate students in any field involving human services but is especially suitable for students enrolled in any course of Theory and Practice of Group Counseling, practitioners who are involved in group work, and students who are interested in leading various types of groups. This text presents an overview of various theoretical models and describes how they apply to group counseling. The text outlines the basic elements of group process, deals with ethical and professional issues special to group work and presents an overview of the key concepts and techniques of ten theoretical models of group counseling. The text also attempts an integration of the ten theoretical models and emphasizes the practical application of the approaches with a focus on helping the reader develop his/her own synthesis of various aspects of the models.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Part I; Basic Elements of Group Process: An Overview is comprised of chapters 1-5. This section is obviously an overview of the various types of groups and discusses some general principles that can be applied in working with culturally diverse groups. Part I also covers some basic group leadership issues, ethical issues in group work, and the stages in the evolution of a group, from formation to termination and follow up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Part 2; Theoretical Approaches to Group Counseling examines 10 theoretical approaches dealing with theory and practice of group work. The 10 chapters are as follows: The Psychoanalytic Approach to Groups, Adlerian Group Counseling, Psychodrama, The Existential Approach to Groups, The Person Centered Approach to Groups, Gestalt Therapy in Groups, Transactional Analysis, Behavioral Group Therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy in Groups, and finally Reality Therapy in Groups. The aforementioned chapters follow an organizational pattern, this organization makes comparing the 10 theoretical approaches easier for the reader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each chapter introduces the rationale for the theoretical approach and its unique characteristics, discusses the model’s key concepts and their implications for group process, discusses the approach’s basic procedures and techniques, defines the role and function of the group leader, and when applicable describes the stages of development of that particular group process. Finally near the end of each of the 10 theoretical chapters is an evaluation section. This section is devoted to Corey’s personal assessment of the approach.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Part 3; Integration and Application contains chapters 16 and 17.

African American History: Heritage, not Hate :: American America History

African American History: "Heritage, not Hate" When exploring African-American history, the most important things to focus on are that because of the times, black people were enslaved and treated poorly. They endured it all and worked hard to rise above the boundaries of slavery and prejudice. However, the most portentous aspect of African-American history is that it's heritage; it's history; and it's over. Jane Minor was born as Gensey Snow around the late 1700's or early 1800's. She was born into slavery and freed around 1825 when she changed her name. During her slavery, she faced the hardships of being a black female slave in the 1800's. Despite that, she earned a living after her emancipation by caring for the sick. With what money she had, she bought the freedoms of other women and children. She was an admirable woman. Sally Hemmings was born in 1773 as a slave of Thomas Jefferson. However, historians found that she was much more than that. Later, it was discovered that she bore one of Jefferson's children. This perhaps could have been the reason she was given special treatment and was allowed to go to Paris with Mary Jefferson. Although, it has not been proven so. Sally's accomplishments included learning French and playing the harpsichord. Her freedom came in 1826 when Jefferson died. Nat Turner was born on October 2, 1800 in Southampton County, VA to enslaved parents. He ran away from his master at 21 years old for religious reasons. Then, he traveled as a minister and spoke to slaves. On August 22, 1831, he killed his owners. He and a band of other slaves went on killing whites, and he was captured in 1831. There, he was hung and skinned. As anyone can see, the preceding people faced suffering at the hands of others. Slavery was wrong. Yet, each person persevered and won his or her own battles one way or another. It took years and a lot of work. Being a part of history, it should be respected as just so.

Comparison of A Vindication of the Rights of Women by Mary Wollstonecraft and In the Grass by Annette Elisabeth Doste-Hülshoff Essay

Mary Wollstonecraft is a well known literature author in the Enlightenment period of the 18th century, she tried to change the prospective of the society about women and succeeded to change the view of society towards women, while Annette Elisabeth who is also well known for her literary works and has was prominent in the Romanism period, the first half of the 18th century. Accomplishments and life of Mary Wollstonecraft & Annette Elisabeth Doste-Hulshoff Mary Wollstonecraft is one of the most prominent and earliest female philosopher, her works were also among the earliest forms of feminist philosophy. Ms. Mary Wollstonecraft was known as the â€Å"hyena in petticoats†(a vindication 1) just because she object the society’s image of women, she said that the conduct book given out to women do not educate the women, it just made them silly and vain. Her literary work entitled A Vindication of the Rights of Women earned her the title of being the â€Å"mother of modern feminism,† her work is also responsible for the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Woman. † Although she was a premature baby, Ms. Annette Elisabeth Doste-Hulshoff does not have pre-mature literature, her execution in poetry is highly notable and she is considered to be one of the most unique writers in her time and remained the most honored women poet of the century. Her poetry is still respected till this day and her literary works remains strong and still have a unique point of view. Comparison of A Vindication of the Rights of Women and In the Grass A Vindication of the Rights of Women’s clear intention is to empower the women and give the women the same rights the society gives men, while the poem In the Grass speaks in the romantic side of things. While A Vindication of the Rights of Women is planting encouragements on society to see men and women equal, In the Grass author is harvesting the plants; she was allowed to study and is exceptionally knowledgeable in music and natural history. Just like the Wollstonecraft, Doste-Hulshoff has also experience being under minded, in her poem In the Grass, she wrote â€Å"sweetly laughter flutters down,/dear voice murmurs, and trickles/down like linden blooms onto a grave† (Doste-Hulshoff lines 6-8 p65). In the lines, she is stating that they, the society, murmur and laugh at her capabilities, their insults trickles down into the grave or rather drips deep into her, while in the literary work of Wollstonecraft, she made it clear that society is also undermining not herself, but all the women, that because the women in her time is only allowed to tend to their husbands and the girls to play with dolls and attend to their mother, they grow up copying them and acting the same way and not giving them the freedom to think for themselves and act like an independent individual she was meant to be, â€Å"she will imitate her mother or aunts and amuse herself by adorning her lifeless doll† (Wollstonecraft 666). After Wollstonecraft has planted all the seeds to ensure that women will be allowed to have the same rights as men have and died, is the birth of another strong bodied woman named Annette Elisabeth Doste-Hulshoff reaped most of what Wollstonecraft has planted. Although Wollstonecraft has succeeded in changing the society’s mind of giving women a chance to have equal rights, some people still resist the idea, although Doste-Hulshoff became a powerful poet, she was still undermined because of her gender; but despite of their critics and they have both prove the world through their literature that women should not be undermined. Works cited Doste-Hulshoff, Annette Elisabeth. In the Grass in Name of book. Publication Location: Publication. (year printed). Print. Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication of the Rights of Women in Name of book. Publication Location: Publication. (year printed). Print.

Develop throughout this play? Essay

      The remains calm about the breaking up of her engagement, and this is something that would not have happened an hour earlier. During the time that Mrs Birling was telling her story, and the fact that she thought whoever was responsible should be sorely punished, Sheila and her, unconsciously change places. Sheila becomes the mother, and Mrs Birling, the child. Throughout Mrs Birling’s elucidation, Sheila is trying to stop her from saying something that she will later regret. Mrs Birling just will not listen to Sheila, and she is acting just as a child would – disobediently. Sheila is trying to protect her family. She does not want others to get involved, although she knows that they will, but she also knows that her mother is making things a lot worse for everybody. This is the place in the play, where Sheila’s maturity is most obvious. Near the end of Act 2, they discover that the man who had got Eva Smith pregnant, was there own Eric. Obviously this affected Sheila, firstly because she knows that now every person in her family is partly responsible for someone’s death, and secondly, because she now knows, that that baby would have been her niece of her nephew. Sheila: Mother – I begged you and begged you to stop. (Act 2, page 49) This was the last line of Act 2, and by this point, everyone knows that everyone in the family played a part in killing that girl, and there was no escaping it. By saying the above, Sheila was blaming her mother for part of the situation. Sheila is not trying to take away her guilt, and put it on her mother, but she needs her mother to understand that she has done wrong. After the Inspector has spoken to Eric, and heard his side of the story, Sheila is the one who tells Eric what his mother had done – she had turned her away. At this news, Eric is absolutely furious. Sheila is the grown-up in all of this. She is the one who explains things, who helps people to understand the situation, and to say what has to be said. Inspector: And you can’t even say ‘I’m sorry, Eva Smith’. (Act 3, page 56) Sheila: That’s the worst of it. (Act 3, page 56) Here, this was the first time that I actually saw Sheila as a totally selfless person. She was not talking, or even thinking about herself. The worst part of all of it, was not that her engagement with Gerald had been called off, or that her evening had been spoilt, but the fact that she could not say that she was sorry, and for Sheila, this was a complete transformation from who she was in the beginning. After the Inspector has left, the family continue to talk about it all. Mr and Mrs Birling are blaming Eric, and he is accepting that. However, Sheila seems to be the only one, who actually understands the predicament. Sheila: I behaved badly too. I know I did. I’m ashamed of it. But now you’re beginning to all over again to pretend that nothing much has happened. (Act 3, page 57) This reveals, that Sheila does have strong feelings for Eva Smith, who has died because of what her family has done. She regrets the mistakes that she has made, and she feels very guilty, but she believes that her parents are acting very irresponsibly. As Sheila and Eric listen to what one another have to say, they become one mind, they both feel the same way, and their parents are a complete contrast to that. We also learn here just how intelligent Sheila is. She is the first person to pick up on the fact the Inspector may be a fake. Sheila: Is that when the Inspector came, just after Father had said that? (Act 3, page 58) She soon after this, says, Sheila: It doesn’t much matter now, of course. (Act 3, page 58) She then continues to make a very relevant speech. Her views and opinions were very close to the Inspector’s, as I said earlier, and this is reflected in her speech. This shows that she was listening carefully to what he had been saying that evening, which shows him a lot of respect. Sheila: If all that’s come out of tonight is true, it doesn’t much matter who made us confess. (Act 3, page 59) This illustrates, that Sheila feels that everything her family had done, has still been done, whether the Inspector was real or not. She has now taken over the Inspector’s role, reminding each member of the family, of their role in contributing towards Eva Smith’s death. Once Gerald has confirmed that the Inspector was a fake, Mr and Mrs Birling are so happy, while Eric and Sheila still strongly believe that they have all behaved in an entirely inappropriate manner. Birling copes with the situation through aggressiveness, unlike the calm and composed attitude of the younger generation. Sheila shows her annoyance and infuriation with the older generation, by saying, Sheila: Don’t let’s start dodging and pretending now. Between us we drove that girl to commit suicide. (Act 3, page 66) This shows that Sheila knows that the girl’s death should be priority, and not trying to pass blame. Following this, Gerald then questions the fact that a girl actually committed suicide, by saying, Gerald: I say – there’s no more evidence we did than there was that that chap was a real Police Inspector. (Act 3, page 66) At first, the family members do not see how this could be possible, but as Gerald then explains how it could be true, they begin to listen to him, and start to understand his point. This shows Gerald’s awareness and intelligence at this point in the play. The confirm his beliefs, Gerald then makes the phone call to the Infirmary, and finds out that no girl has died that night from swallowing disinfectant. People react in different ways to this news. Mr and Mrs Birling have learnt nothing throughout his whole experience, Mr Birling: the whole story’s just a lot of moonshine. (Act 3, page 70) Mrs Birling: In the morning they’ll be as amused as we are. (Act 3, page 71) They are still as they were in the beginning. However, Sheila has changed. Sheila: But you’re forgetting one thing I still can’t forget. Everything we said had happened really happened. If it didn’t end tragically, then that’s lucky for us. But it might have done. (Act 3, page 70) Again, this shows maturity and intelligence. Mr Birling and Sheila, both think that the opposite generation is talking nonsense, but the audience know that Sheila is right. She has learnt from her experience – Mr Birling has not. The play ends, with Mr Birling taking a phone call, saying that a girl had just died in the infirmary, from swallowing some disinfectant. In summary, Sheila’s mature attitude was shown throughout the play, and her guilt and willingness to learn from her mistakes was also displayed. She came through, as a caring and thoughtful character, and an intelligent and realistic girl. Sheila did put forward her feelings, but unfortunately, her parents would not listen. If the whole family had acted similarly to Sheila, then maybe the outcome would not have been so tragic. Word Count: 3, 491 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE J. B. Priestley section.